INTRODUCTION:

Sleep is essential to every process in the body, affecting our physical and mental functioning¹. Sleep is natural, easily reversible periodic state of many living things that is marked by the absence of wakefulness and by the loss of consciousness of ones surroundings². Sleep is the most important factor for dialysis patient, as it can affect their physical and mental health³.

Getting enough sleep helps us to stay healthy. Having trouble in sleeping is very common for people who are suffering from dialysis⁴. Dialysis shift time be an important risk factor for the development of insomnia. Patients on dialysis during early morning shifts and higher rates of insomnia than patients on dialysis in the afternoon. Others have found that late night dialysis shifts play a role in insomnia⁴.

Sleep quality is an important factor in relation to health-related quality of life (HR QoL) in patients on hemodialysis³. Sleep duration has a borderline association with HR QoL in patients on dialysis⁵.

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

The pooled estimates for prevalence of insomnia found were 25.7%, OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) 37.4%, and RLS (rest leg sleep) 10.65% ⁶. Another study identified 15.4% prevalence of insomnia; incidence was high in persons with comorbid chronic physical illness (28.1%) compared to persons free from that (10.9%)⁷. Both the acute and chronic forms of insomnia are very common. Worldwide Roughly 1 in 3 adults have insomnia symptoms, and about 10% of adults meet the criteria of sleep disorder. Chronic insomnia is highly prevalent and affects approximately 30% of the general population⁷. consequences of insomnia in the most common sleep disorder among patients on hemodialysis and has a strong relation with fatigue, depression, low immune system, increased risk of cardiovascular problems, and low quality of life⁸.

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the quality of sleep among dialysis patients

2. To determine the association between quality of sleep among dialysis patient with selected demographic variables.

HYPOTHESIS:

H₁: There will be a significant association between quality of sleep among dialysis patient with selected demographic variables.

METHODOLOGY:

Research Design: The research design selected for study was descriptive research design.

Sampling technique: Convenience sampling technique.

Sample: Sample size was 40 dialysis patients at Bapuji hospital, Davangere.

VARIABLES:

Research variable: Quality of sleep among dialysis patient.

Demographic variables: Age, gender, education, occupation, BMI, diet are some demographic variables in this study.

SETTING: The study was conducted in Bapuji hospital, Davanagere.

DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE:

Section A- It deals with socio demographic characteristics which includes age of the patient, gender, duration of disease, Problems during dialysis, Symptoms of disease, Total consumption of fluid/day and source of information regarding the importance of quality of sleep among dialysis patient.

Section B- Standard rating scale questionnaire was prepared to asses the quality of sleep among dialysis patient.

RESULTS:

Section 1: Selected personal variables of the dialysis patients.

Table 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of selected personal variables of among dialysis patients

n = 40

Variable	Frequency	Percent
1. Age
a. 40-44 years	6	15.0
b. 45-49 years	12	30.0
c. 50-54 years	12	30.0
d. 55-59 years	10	25.0
2. Gender
a. Male	18	45.0
b. Female	22	55.0
3. Food pattern
a. Vegetarian	12	30.0
b. Mixed	28	70.0
4. Duration of Disease
a. 3 years	22	55.0
b. 4 years	18	45.0
5. Frequency of Dialysis
a. Twice	14	35.0
b. Thrice	26	65.0
6. Problems of dialysis
a. None	28	70.0
b. Fever	6	15.0
c. Pain at various sites	6	15.0
7. Water consumption
a. 1/4 Lts	18	45.0
b. 1/3 Lts	2	5.0
c. 1/2 Lts	16	40.0
d. 1 Lts	4	10.0

The most of the patient were in the age group is 40-49 years (30%). Among dialysis patient 45% were male and 65% were female, food pattern of the patient 30% vegetarian and 70% were non vegetarian, duration of disease of 3 years (55%) duration of 4 years (45%) The frequency of dialysis twice a day (35%) the frequency of dialysis thrice a day (65%), The problems of dialysis patient have no problem (70%) and the patients suffering from fever (15%) and the pain fever sites (15%), water consumption of patient per day is (45%).

Table 2: Mean, mean % and standard deviation of age of the subjects

	Mean.	SD
Age of subjects	49.85	5.641

In this study it was estimated that the mean age of the patient is 49.85 ±6.371 years.

Section 2: Analysis of quality of sleep among dialysis patients.

Table -3 Analysis of level of quality of sleep-in dialysis patients

Sleep Quality	Frequency	Percent
Poor Sleep Quality	4	10.0
Moderate Sleep Quality	34	85.0
Good Sleep Quality	2	5.0
Total	40	100.0

Table 3 revealed that 10% of the poor sleep quality of the patient among the participants, 85% having moderate sleep quality and 5% had good sleep quality.

Table 4: Mean, mean % and standard deviation of sleep quality

	Items	Max Score	Mean	Mean%	SD
Sleep Quality Score	28	84	47.75	56.84	5.821

The mean of sleep quality score is 47.75 (56.84%) with the standard deviation of 5. Table:6 Commonly affecting sites

Section 3: Association of sleep quality among dialysis patients with demographic variables:

The study findings revealed that there is a statistically significant association of quality of sleep with the frequency of dialysis among dialysis patients at 0.05 level.

CONCLUSION:

The findings of the study conclude that majority of the dialysis patient had moderate sleep quality and the sleep quality is significantly associated with frequency of dialysis per week. we need to improve sleep quality and we have to take proper interventions to improve the sleep quality among dialysis patient.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

The following recommendations were made based on the results of the study.

1. A similar study can be replicated on large sample to generalize the findings.

2. A study can be conducted to assess the factors associated with quality of sleep among dialysis patients

3. A study can be conducted to assess the impact of pranayama on quality of sleep among dialysis patients.

REFERENCES:

1. Erica Janse. Why sleep is so Important to Your Health. School of Public Health University of Michigan. Mar 2020; Available from: https://sph.umich.edu/pursuit/2020posts/why-sleep-is-so-important-to-your-health.html#:~:text=Sleep%20is%20essential%20to%20every,touches%20every%20aspect%20of%20health

2. Foulkes, David, Dang-Vu, Thanh T, Ellenbogen, Jeffrey M, et al. sleep. Encyclopedia Britannica. 3 Apr 2024; Available from: https://www.britannica.com/science/sleep. Accessed 4 April 2024.

3. Alshammari B, Alkubati SA, Pasay-An E, Alrasheeday A, Alshammari HB, Asiri SM, Alshammari SB, Sayed F, Madkhali N, Laput V, Alshammari F. Sleep Quality and Its Affecting Factors among Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Sep 14;11(18):2536. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11182536. PMID: 37761733; PMCID: PMC10531149.

4. Maung SC, El Sara A, Chapman C, Cohen D, Cukor D. Sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol. 2016 May 6;5(3):224-32. doi: 10.5527/wjn. v5.i3.224. PMID: 27152260; PMCID: PMC4848147.

5. Hosseini M, Nasrabadi M, Mollanoroozy E, Khani F, Mohammadi Z, Barzanoni F, Amini A, Gholami A. Relationship of sleep duration and sleep quality with health-related quality of life in patients on hemodialysis in Neyshabur. Sleep Med X. 2023 Feb 11; 5:100064. doi: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100064. PMID: 36865567; PMCID: PMC9972367.

6. Datta K, Bhutambare A, Mallick HN. Systematic review of prevalence of sleep problems in India: A wake- up call for promotion of sleep health [Internet]. bioRxiv. 2023. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.29.23300624

7. J Kor. Over review of insomnia. June 2009; 6. https://www.e-jsm.org/upload/0906004.pdf

8. Maung SC, El Sara A, Chapman C, Cohen D, Cukor D. Sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease. World J Nephrol. 2016 May 6;5(3):224-32. doi: 10.5527/wjn. v5.i3.224. PMID: 27152260; PMCID: PMC4848147

Received on 18.04.2024 Revised on 10.06.2024

Accepted on 26.07.2024 Published on 30.11.2024

Available online on December 31, 2024

A and V Pub Int. J. of Nursing and Med. Res. 2024; 3(4):146-148.

DOI: 10.52711/ijnmr.2024.33